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Assistance dog

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An assistance dog pressing a button to open an automatic door
Hearing-assistance dog being patted on its head

An assistance dog is a dog that receives specialized training to aid an individual with a disability in navigating everyday life. Assistance dogs can be trained by an organization, or by their handler.

Terminology

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'Assistance dog' is the internationally established term for a dog that provides assistance to a disabled person and is task-trained to help mitigate the handler's disability. In the United States, assistance dogs are also commonly referred to as 'service dogs'.[1]

Assistance dogs are not emotional support animals (ESAs), which are generally not protected by the same laws[2] and typically have little to no training compared to an assistance or service dog. Assistance dogs and ESAs are also both distinct from therapy dogs. While therapy dogs are required to undergo training and become certified, they work for people other than their handler and are not covered by laws such as the US Americans with Disabilities Act.[1][3][4]

Distinctive features

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For a dog to be considered an assistance dog, they must meet the following criteria:

  1. The dog's handler must meet the legal definition of disability in a specific country or region.
  2. The dog must be specifically trained to mitigate the handler's disability in some way, e.g. opening doors, detecting high blood sugar or allergens and notifying of such, alerting to a ringing phone or other audible stimuli, and assisting those who are visually or mobility impaired.[5]
  3. The dog must be docile and well-behaved, as well as clean and healthy.

Individual countries and regions will have specific laws and regulations, with these international criteria having broad recognition across the globe.[6][7][8]

Training process

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Assistance dog in training in its vest

Assistance dogs have traditionally been trained by organizations, but in countries such as the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia, assistance dogs can also be trained by their handlers.[9][10][11]

A prospective assistance dog candidate will go through socialization and desensitization training, where the dog is exposed to unfamiliar locations, sounds, scents, and other stimuli. This training sets the foundations for the assistance dog to remain focused while working. An assistance dog prospect will also go through obedience training to ensure they remain under control of the handler.[12]

After completing obedience training, an assistance dog commences specialized task training. During this training, the assistance dog will learn to perform tasks that will aid their disabled handler. The tasks that an assistance dog is trained to perform will differ based on the handler's disabilities and needs.

Examples of tasks include alerting to a fire alarm or doorbell, retrieving a medication during a medical episode, pulling a wheelchair, retrieving an item that has been dropped by the handler, and turning on lights. Some tasks may require a larger dog with healthy joints, while others (e.g. alerting to a sound) can be performed by a dog of any size.[13]

"Assistance Dogs welcome" sign in Bolton Priory

Types

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Mobility assistance dog helping his handler stand up

Common examples of assistance dogs include:[14]

In the United States, the Americans with Disability Act states that there is no formal certification or registration required for a dog to become an Assistance Dog.[15] State and local governments, businesses, and nonprofit organizations that serve the public generally must allow service animals to accompany people with disabilities in all areas of the facility where the public is normally allowed to go.[16]

Service dogs, also known as assistance dogs, in addition to their traditional service duties, have been used to help adults with psychiatric disorders.  There is limited information on the use of service dogs applied to psychiatric disorders.[17] 21% of adults have been plagued with mental illness, having a negative effect on U.S. society. 264 million people worldwide are affected by psychiatric conditions. The findings from a study done on adults with psychological disorders and the use of service dogs to help them, demonstrated that the adults with psychological disorders were positively influenced by the use of service dogs. The bond formed through working together eased psychiatric distress and provided increased stability and confidence for those psychologically affected (what was used as a guide for this study was known as Bowlby’s Theory of Attachment), Working together formed a bond that relieved distress levels. This study(known as a Qualitative Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis), has demonstrated that the bond formed between humans and animals is a vital healing tool.  The study contributes to positive social change by offering insight into what is known in psychiatry as “Potential Adjunctive Treatment Modality” in the treatment of psychological disorders in adults, as well as adding to the body of research regarding service dogs.[18]

Mobility service dogs are trained more extensively than regular service dogs for people with physical as well as psychological or emotional disorders, for instance, they can give stability to keep the handler from falling down or being able to get up from a seated position.[19]

The use of dogs for service animals is due to their innate abilities, as well as their sensory capabilities, which far outshadow humans.  Their olfactory senses(sense of smell)is 10,000-100,000 times stronger than humans.  They also have an innate ability for intelligence such as staying strong and stable in the most extreme situations.[20]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "General FAQs". Assistance Dogs International. Retrieved 2024-10-25.
  2. ^ "Americans with Disabilities Act". ADA. Retrieved 2024-08-24.
  3. ^ Karetnick, Jen (July 9, 2024). "How To Train a Therapy Dog: Learning If Your Dog Is Fit For Therapy Work". American Kennel Club. Retrieved 2024-10-25.
  4. ^ "Three Steps to Making Your Dog a Therapy Dog". American Kennel Club. Retrieved 2024-10-25.
  5. ^ "Tasks performed by Guide, Hearing and Service Dogs". The International Association of Assistance Dog Partners (IAADP). Retrieved 2024-10-25.
  6. ^ The Equality and Human Rights Commission. "Assistance Dogs. A Guide For All Businesses" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
  7. ^ "Standards". Assistance Dogs Europe. Archived from the original on 3 January 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
  8. ^ "IAADP Minimum Training Standards for Public Access". The International Association of Assistance Dog Partners (IAADP). Retrieved 2024-10-25.
  9. ^ "ADA service animals FAQ". ADA FAQ. Retrieved 2024-08-26.
  10. ^ "Assistance dogs UK". Assistancedogs.org.uk. Retrieved 2024-08-26.
  11. ^ "healthdirect AU". Healthdirect.gov.au. 3 September 2024.
  12. ^ "AKC". AKC.ORG.
  13. ^ Froling, Joan. "Assistance Dog Tasks". IAADP. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
  14. ^ "Types of Services Dogs & What They Are Used For - UDS". udservices.org. 2020-02-15. Retrieved 2024-10-25.
  15. ^ "ADA Requirements: Service Animals". ADA.gov. 2024-05-02. Retrieved 2024-05-10.
  16. ^ "ADA 2010 Revised Requirements: Service Animals". www.ada.gov. 28 March 2023.
  17. ^ "Attachment Bond Experiences Among Adults Using Service Dogs to Mitigate Psychiatric Disabilities - ProQuest". www.proquest.com. Retrieved 2024-12-10.
  18. ^ "Attachment Bond Experiences Among Adults Using Service Dogs to Mitigate Psychiatric Disabilities - ProQuest". www.proquest.com. Retrieved 2024-12-10.
  19. ^ "How Mobility Service Dogs Reclaim Independence https://udservices.org › how-mobility-service-dogs-recl... Disability Services & Support for Adults | UDS Foundation". udservices.org. Retrieved 2024-12-10. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  20. ^ "How Mobility Service Dogs Reclaim Independence https://udservices.org › how-mobility-service-dogs-recl... Disability Services & Support for Adults | UDS Foundation". udservices.org. Retrieved 2024-12-10. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
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